Upon completion of this module, you should be able to write the equilibrium constant expressions Kc and Kp for both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, state and use the formula that connects Kc and Kp, describes the relationship between the equilibrium expressions for forward and reverse reactions and calculate the new equilibrium constant when a chemical equation is multiplied by a number. Equilibrium is a state that a reaction achieves when no new observable changes occur. As equilibrium is reached, the forward and reverse reactions proceed at the same rate. A double arrow indicates that a reaction proceeds in both the forward and reverse directions. This is a requirement for an equilibrium condition.